The Preamble is the introduction to India's Constitution, based on Pandit Nehru's Objective Resolution (1946).
I. Objectives & Ideals:
- Nature of Indian State:
- Sovereign: Independent.
- Socialist: (42nd Amdt., 1976) Socio-economic equality.
- Secular: (42nd Amdt., 1976) Equal respect for all religions.
- Democratic: People-governed.
- Republic: Elected Head of State.
- Provisions for Citizens:
- Justice: Social, Economic, Political.
- Liberty: Thought, Expression, Belief, Faith, Worship.
- Equality: Status, Opportunity.
- Fraternity: Dignity, Unity & Integrity of Nation.
- Date of Adoption: November 26, 1949.
(Enforcement: Jan 26, 1950)
II. Part of Constitution & Amendability:
- Berubari Union Case (1960): Preamble NOT part of Constitution.
- Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973):
- Preamble IS part of Constitution.
- Introduced 'Basic Structure Doctrine': Preamble can be amended, but its basic features cannot be destroyed.
- LIC of India Case (1995): Reaffirmed Preamble as integral part.
- Amendment:
- Amended only once by 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
- Added words: Socialist, Secular, Integrity.
III. Keywords:
- Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, Justice, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
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